Basically FB utilized the LAMP framework, but the modified version, LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, Mysql and PHP/Perl. The wise people at FB has modified and enhance most of the LAMP components, especially Mysql & PHP while including additional services to create FB. Web 2..0 tools like the Scribe, Thrift & ODS were employed in developing the FB. A giant hash memory table or Memcache also helped to create a fast responsive FB. Services are like, newsfeed,Adserver, Search, network selector,CSS Parser, ShareScrapper, mobile and blogfeed make up the complete FB architecture.
A notable mentioned in FB design is 'memcache'. Why memcache?. Its is faster and of high performance, alleviate the load on databases, cache serialized PHP data structures and multi-get to retrieve data. FB has modified memcache to run over UDP reducing the overheads and the persistent connection of TCP.
One key note that data can be slightly delay in facebook and need not be accurately realtime, although FB will try to be consistent. Data is also sorted in recentcy layout for optimizations. Data of the form key-value pair is evenly distributed across multiple DB instances and used LB. This allow FB to scale fast and do not require replications. The query in FB application is often a simple query type and they do not allow joins, and need not too.
One thing to always remember is that FB is not just a site about social-usages, but it also allow others to contribute and grow its applications. Developer can write FB apps, and using FBML extensions to easily interface and publish program. Of course the FB application's one developed has to be hosted somewhere other than the FB site. This flexibility allow fast adoption and wide use of FB.
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